General Features of Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes are sporophytic seedless vascular cryptograms. They have true leaves, stem and roots. They are mainly terrestrial, found in moist shaddy places.

Division Pteridophyta includes Ferns, Horsetails etc.

Characteristics

1. Sporophytic Plant body

2. Vascular plants

3. Non flowering plants

4. True Leaves, Stem and Roots are      present

5. Cones/Strobilus are present

6. Homosporous or Heterosporous

7. Commonly known as ''Botanical Snakes''

Examples of Pteridophytes
Lycopodium
Selaginella
Equisetum
Marsilea
Azolla
Salvinia
Adiantum
Pteris
etc.

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Difference between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

There are many differences found between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes which are as follows......

     Bryophytes                   Pteridophytes   

1. Gametophytic           1. Sporophytic
2. Non Vascular            2. Vascular
3. Sporophyte                3. Sporophyte
     Dependent                     Independent
4. leaves, Stem             4. Present
    and Roots
    Absent
5. 'Ambhibians of         5.'Botanical Snakes'
     Plant Kingdom'
6. Capsule Present       6. Cone Present

Other differences are also found. Watch complete video for better understanding.

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Economic importance of Bryophytes

Biology for NEET/AIIMS/BHU Medical/JISPER/NCERT.

Bryophytes are economically as well as ecologically very important. Many commercial products like PEAT, Antiseptics etc. are obtained from Bryophytes. Apart from economic importance Bryophytes play key role in xerophytic plant succession.

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Life cycle of Bryophytes || Alternation of generation in Bryophyta

NEET Biology
In this video we have discussed all about the life cycle of bryophytes. This lecture also covers the topic alternation of generations in Bryophytes.

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Classification of Bryophytes

Division Bryophyta is divided into three main classes which are as follows.

1. Hepaticopsida (Liverworts)

E.g. Marchantia, Pellia, Riccia

2. Anthocerotopsida (Hornworts)

E.g. Anthoceros

3. Bryopsida (Mosses)

E.g. Sphagnum, Polytrichum, Funaria

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Difference between algae and Bryophyta

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Similarities between Algae and Bryophyta

Algae and Bryophyta show remarkable similarities with each other. Many characters are common in both Divisions. The main similarities are as follows......

1. Both are thalloid.
2. Both are simple and primitive.
3. In both groups, leaves, stem and roots are absent.
4. No xylem, no phloem.
5. Gametophytic phase is dominant phase in the life cycle of both.
6. Alternation of generation is also common.

There are many more similarities between both divisions. Please watch the complete video for better understanding.

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General features of Bryophyta

Bryophyta is a group of simple and primitive plants. It has following characters.

1. Simple and primitive plants

2. Found in moist and shady places. Therefore,  Bryophyta is known as"Amphibians of Plant Kingdom"

3. Water is essential for fertilization.

4. No root, no stem, no leaves.

5. Xylum and phloem are absent.

6. Gametophytic plants.

7. Vegetative and sexual mode of reproduction.

8. Heterotrophic alternation of generations.

Examples......
Marchantia
Pellia
Riccia
Anthoceros
Mosses etc.

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Economic importance of algae | शैवालों का आर्थिक महत्व

Algae are economically very important. Some algae are useful while few are harmful as well.

USEFUL ALGAE

1. As food
E.g. Porphyra, Ulva etc.

2. As fodder
e.g. Ficus, Laminaria, Sargassum etc.

3. Commercial products
e.g. Agar Agar, Charageenan, Alginate, Diatomite etc.

4. Research and Education

HARMFUL ALGAE

+Pathogenic Algae e.g. Cephaleuros (Red Rust of Tea disease)
+Corrosion (water supply pipes, marine vessels)
+Water bloom formation
+Production of Toxin (Microcystis)

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Life Cycle of Algae || शैवालों का जीवन चक्र

Algae can reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods. The gametophytic phase (n) is dominant phase in the life cycle of algae. It regularly alternates with the sporophytic phase (2n). Thus, true alternation of generations is found in the life cycle of algae.

The life cycle of algae may be of following types.

1. Haplontic type
2. Diplontic type
3. Haplodiplontic type

General life cycle of algae......

Mature plant(n) > Formation of Male Gamete + Female Gamete > Fertilization > Zygote(2n) Formation > Meiosis > Production of Meiospores > Germination of Meiospores > Development of mature plant(n).

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